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World AIDS Day, designated on December 1 every year since 1988, is dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection, and mourning those who have died of the disease. Government and health officials, non-governmental organizations and individuals around the world observe the day, often with education on AIDS prevention and control. World AIDS Day is one of the eight official global public health campaigns marked by the World Health Organization (WHO), along with World Health Day, World Blood Donor Day, World Immunization Week, World Tuberculosis Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Malaria Day and World Hepatitis Day.〔World Health Organization, (WHO campaigns. )〕 Since 1995, the President of the United States has made an official proclamation on World AIDS Day. As of 2013, AIDS has killed more than 36 million people worldwide (1981-2012), and an estimated 35.3 million people are living with HIV,〔World Health Organization, (HIV/AIDS. ) WHO Fact sheet N° 360, updated October 2013. Geneva, Switzerland. Accessed 8 April 2014.〕 making it one of the most important global public health issues in recorded history. Despite recent improved access to antiretroviral treatment in many regions of the world, the AIDS epidemic claims an estimated 2 million lives each year, of which about 270,000 are children. ==History== World AIDS Day was first conceived in August 1987 by James W. Bunn and Thomas Netter, two public information officers for the Global Programme on AIDS at the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland.〔U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International News, "World AIDS Day Co-Founder Looks Back 20 Years Later", CDC HIV/Hepatitis/STD/TB Prevention News Update, 12 December 2007〕 Bunn and Netter took their idea to Dr. Jonathan Mann, Director of the Global Programme on AIDS (now known as UNAIDS). Dr. Mann liked the concept, approved it, and agreed with the recommendation that the first observance of World AIDS Day should be on December 1, 1988. Bunn, a former television broadcast journalist from San Francisco, had recommended the date of December 1 that believing it would maximize coverage of World AIDS Day by western news media, sufficiently long following the US elections but before the Christmas holidays.〔 In its first two years, the theme of World AIDS Day focused on children and young people. While the choice of this theme was criticized at the time by some for ignoring the fact that people of all ages may become infected with HIV, the theme helped alleviate some of the stigma surrounding the disease and boost recognition of the problem as a family disease.〔 The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) became operational in 1996, and it took over the planning and promotion of World AIDS Day. Rather than focus on a single day, UNAIDS created the World AIDS Campaign in 1997 to focus on year-round communications, prevention and education.〔 In 2004, the World AIDS Campaign became an independent organization.〔〔〔''Yearbook of the United Nations 2005.'' Vol. 59. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Publications, 2007. ISBN 92-1-100967-7〕 Each year, Popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI have released a greeting message for patients and doctors on World AIDS Day.〔(Message for the World AIDS Day )〕〔(Message of Caritas Internationalis On Occasion of World AIDS Day 2006 )〕 In the US, the White House began marking World AIDS Day with the iconic display of a 28-foot AIDS Ribbon on the building's North Portico in 2007.〔"Two-Story AIDS Ribbon at White House," ABC News, Nov. 30, 2007, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2007/11/the-2-story-tal/〕 The display, now an annual tradition, quickly garnered attention, as it was the first banner, sign or symbol to prominently hang from the White House since the Abraham Lincoln administration. U.S. presidential proclamations of World AIDS Day are issued annually since 1995.〔http://m.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/11/29/presidential-proclamation-world-aids-day-2014〕〔http://m.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/11/27/world-aids-day-2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「World AIDS Day」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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